This study investigates the informal enforcement of cleanliness norms in public spaces, focusing on responses to littering as a measure of civic behavior. In a natural field experiment conducted near the Lyon 2 University campus, participants are randomly assigned to a direct civic engagement activity in the form of a Cleanwalk, to awareness-based conditions, or to a control group. Norm enforcement is measured through observed reactions to a staged littering event. We compare behavioral responses across treatment conditions to examine whether direct civic engagement increases rates of disapproval to norm violations with respect to a control condition. Behavioral observations are complemented by self-reported and incentivized measures of civicness.
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